Biomedical Links



Diseases and Disorders
Links pertaining to Eye Diseases
 
Alert! Patients looking for guidance among the target sources of this collection of links are strongly advised to review the information retrieved with their professional health care provider.
 
Start Page

Contents:
Acute Zonal Occult Outer Retinopathy (not on MeSH) - Adie Syndrome - Albinism - Albinism, Ocular - Amaurosis Fugax - Amblyopia - Aniridia - Anisocoria - Anophthalmos - Aphakia - Astigmatism - Behcet Syndrome - Blepharitis - Blepharoptosis - Blepharospasm - Blindness - Cataract - Chalazion - Chorioretinitis - Choroideremia - Coloboma - Color Vision Defects - Conjunctival Diseases - Conjunctivitis - Corneal Diseases - Corneal Dystrophies, Hereditary - Corneal Edema - Corneal Ulcer - Diabetic Retinopathy - Diplopia - Distichiasis (not on MeSH) - Dry Eye Syndromes - Duane Retraction Syndrome - Ectropion - Endophthalmitis - Entropion - Esotropia - Exfoliation Syndrome - Exotropia - Eye Abnormalities - Eye Diseases - Eye Hemorrhage - Eye Infections - Eye Neoplasms - Eyelid Diseases - Floaters (not on MeSH) - General Fibrosis Syndrome (not on MeSH) - Glaucoma - Graves Disease - Gyrate Atrophy - Hemianopsia - Hermanski-Pudlak Syndrome - Hordeolum - Horner Syndrome - Hyperopia - Hyphema - Iritis - Kearns-Sayer Syndrome - Keratitis - Keratoconus - Lacrimal Apparatus Diseases - Lacrimal Duct Obstruction - Lens Diseases - Macular Degeneration - Microphthalmos - Miller Fisher Syndrome - Myopia - Neuromyelitis Optica - Nystagmus, Pathologic - Ocular Motility Disorders - Oculomotor Nerve Diseases - Ophthalmoplegia - Optic Atrophies, Hereditary - Optic Nerve Diseases - Optic Neuritis - Optic Neuropathy, Ischemic - Orbital Cellulitis - Papilledema - Peter's Anomaly (not on MeSH) - Photophobia - Presbyopia - Pterygium - Pupil Disorders - Refractive Errors - Retinal Detachment - Retinal Diseases - Retinal Vein Occlusion - Retinitis Pigmentosa - Retinoblastoma - Retinopathy of Prematurity - Retinoschisis - Scleritis - Scotoma - Sjogren's Syndrome - Strabismus - Supranuclear Palsy, Progressive - Thygeson's Superficial Punctate Keratitis (not on MeSH) - Trachoma - Uveitis - Uveomeningoencephalitic Syndrome - White Dot Syndrome (not on MeSH) - Vision Disorders - VITREOUS DISORDERS (not on MeSH) - Wolfram Syndrome -


  Eye Diseases   
  Anatomy, Physiology and Pathology of the Human Eye [TM Montgomery]
  Some Eye Anatomy pages, illustrated - EyeInfo (UK)
  Diagram of the Eye - NEI/NIH (US)
  Anatomy of the Eye: A Study Guide - MedRounds
  Colored Eyes - TipsOfAllSorts
  On Heterochromia (Different-Colored Eyes) - Wikipedia
  An Eye Color calculator
  About the 'Blind Spot'
  The Main Lens of Your Eye Is Inside The Eye? Not Quite.
  Simulations of certain eye problems - Ohio LIONS Eye Research Foundation
  Distance Vision Test - Perrot Optic (CH)
  About Visual Acuity [TM Montgomery] and the typical Visual Acuity Test - ADAM, via MedlinePlus
  What is 20/20 vision? - The Eye Digest
  The Eye Exam [C Goldberg] - School of Medicine, UCSD (US)
  Eye examination - Indiana University (US)
  School of Optometry , and Dr Riley's Diagnostic Procedures - Indiana University (US)
  EYERounds Online Atlas of Ophthalmology - Univ of Iowa (US)
  RED (recognizing eye diseases) Atlas
  25 common eye conditions/diseases seen at Dr. Steensma's practice
  Ophthalmology information - eMedicine
  Eye Diseases and Disorders - Wikipedia
  About some Eye Diseases and Disorders - StLukes Eye
  About some Eye Conditions - EyeInfo (UK)
  Core Lectures in Ophthalmology - EyeWeb.org
  An Ocular Pathology Review [RC Eagle] - Wills Eye Hospital
  Red Eyes: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly [DT Adamczyk, 1999] - Optometry Today (UK)
  Managing the Red Eye - Well Close Square Surgery (UK)
  About Itchy Eyes - Kellogg Eye Center
  Seeing Problems [BT Troost], 2007 - The DANA Foundation
  About The Visually Impaired Patient [Rosenberg and Sperazza] - AAFP, May 2008
  Symptoms of damage to the optic chiasm - Yale School of Medicine
  Ocular Symptoms and Diagnoses - Richmond Eye Associates
  About some Selected Anomalies and Diseases of the Eye - Texas School for the Blind (US)
  A note about Testing Babies' Vision [A Greene]
  About Children's Vision - AOA
  Medical Need for Glasses - AAPOS
  Pediatric Vision Screening for the Family Physician [P Broderick] - Am Family Phys, Sep 1998
  About LEA symbols
  Am. Assoc. for Pediatric Ophthalmology & Strabismus , including a Public Resource Library
  Handbook of Ocular Disease Management , 2008 - Review of Optometry Online
  OPHTHALMIC hyperguide [free registration required]
  Success in MRCOphth [CN Chua] including the Oxford Eye Page , and an Ophthalmic Kew Garden - (UK)
  EyeAtlas - Oculisti Online
  Atlas of Ophthalmology - Online Journal of Ophthalmology
  SNOF: Syndicat National des Ophtalmologistes de France , including Maladies des yeux [in French]
  American Academy of Ophthalmology
  Clinical Cases (Grand Rounds) at DJO/Harvard
  Educational cases for diagnosis [image + Q/A] - Umeå Univ./Dept of Ophthalmology (SE)
  Clinical section - Richmond Eye Associates
  Digital Grand Rounds from OptCom.com/CIBA Inc.
  Der Augenfundus [C Daetwyler; in German] - (CH)
  Eye Plastics Surgery - EyePlastics LLC
  Abstracts and FAQs - EyeCare Connection
  A Philosophy Of Blindness [K Jernigan]
  Blindness-Related Resources on the Web & Beyond including a List of European Organizations & Foundations - Oedipal Enterprises
  The US National Federation of the Blind
  Living with vision loss - A handbook for caregivers - Canadian Nat'l Inst for the Blind
  Seeing with Sound
  About Leader Dogs
  GuideDogs.Org.UK
  About Enucleation: Removal of an Eye - Wills Eye Hospital (US)
  Ocular Prosthesis information - EyeCancer Network
  The Artificial Eye Information & Patient Support Page
  LostEye.com
  Movements On-Line (about artificial eyes/implants), and Artificial Eyes: Surgical Techniques - Bio-eye Orbital Implants
  International Eye Foundation
  Optics: a review [M Wilkinson] - MedRounds
  Vision Science [research; A. Watson] - NASA (US)
  3-D Vision [R Cooper]
  About Rhodopsin [G Schertler] - Lab. Mol. Biology, MRC Centre/Cambridge (UK)
  How Photons Start Vision [D Baylor] - PNAS '96
  Test Your Knowledge - The Ophthalmic Photographers' Society, Inc. (US)
  Visionary: A Dictionary for the Study of Vision
  An introduction to Sensation and Perception - Allpsych.com
  Glossary of Ophthalmologic Terms [L. Bickford] - The EyeCare Connection (US)
  A List of US Eye Health Organizations - NEI/NIH (US)
  The Joy of Visual Perception [P Kaiser] - York Univ. (CA)
  M.C. Escher Home Page
  InterNet Journal of Ophthalmology and Visual Science - ISPUB
  Molecular Vision [journal] - (US)
  Review of Ophthalmology [journal]

   Conjunctival Diseases   
   About the Conjunctiva and Sclera - Handbook of Ocular Disease Management
   Conjunctival (and Scleral) Disorders - Merck Manual
   Removing a Foreign Object from Your Eye - MedlinePlus/ADAM (US)

    Conjunctivitis   
    Neonatal Conjunctivitis - Adam, via MedlinePlus
    Some notes on Distinguishing minor and more serious eye conditions [A Nathan] - Chemist and Druggist, Sep 2007 (UK)
    Conjunctivitis [Morrow and Abbot] - Am Family Phys, Feb 1998
    Ocular Allergy [EK Akpek] - MEEI/Harvard (US)
    On Chlamydial and Gonococcal Conjunctivitis - Handbook Ocular Disease Management
    About Giant Papillary Conjunctivitis - Handbook Ocular Disease Management
    About Giant Papillary Conjunctivitis [B Weissman] - e-Medicine

      Trachoma   
      Helen Keller Int'l: Trachoma Task Force
      Trachoma info - WHO (CH)
      About Chlamydia trachomatis - Wikipedia
      International Trachoma Initiative
      Preventable Disease Blinds Poor in Third World - NY Times, March 2006

     VITREOUS DISORDERS (not on MeSH)
      About Vitreous Detachment - Richmond Eye Assoc.
      About Vitreous Detachment - NEI/NIH (US)
      About a CE lesson on Posterior Vitreous Detachment: A Common Process with Potential for Ocular Morbidity Review of Optometry
      About Vitrectomy - StLukes Eye Institute (US), and some photos [WD Leahy Jr.]

       Floaters (not on MeSH)
        Spots and Floaters - AOA (US)
        About Eye Floaters - Univ of Illinois (US)
        Flashes and Floaters - What you need to know [Goldman and Polk] - The Retina Center
        Floaters discussions at Med Help International
        Is using lasers on eye gunk worth the risk? - via Aetna InteliHealth
        A Clinician's Guide to Flashes and Floaters [Kabat and Sowka] - Optometry Today/Optics Today 2001 (UK)
        About Floaters - AgingEye Times, 2003
        About Hyaluronan and the Vitreous Humor [JE Scott]
        Some FAQs about Floaters, and Vitrectomy - Charles Retina Institute


    Pterygium   
    Pterygium - DJO/Harvard (US)
    About Pterygium - Handbook of Ocular Disease Mgmt and an image - EyeMac
    About Pterygium and Pinguecula - North Shore Eye C. (AU)
    About Pingueculum - EyeCancer Network


   Corneal Diseases   
   The Cornea and Corneal Diseases - NEI/NIH (US)
   Corneal Disease Management - Review of Optometry/Handbook
   Corneal Abrasions and Foreign Bodies - Merck Manual
   Managing the Red Eye - Well Close Square Surgery (UK)
   PKA - Pediatric Keratoplasty Association - (US)
   Brief note about Phlyctenulosis - Perret Opticiens (CH)
   About Corneal Modification techniques - AOA (US)
   About Corneal Graft - Moorfields Eye Hosp., London (UK)

    Corneal Dystrophies, Hereditary   
    Corneal Dystrophy factsheet - RNIB (UK)
    Bietti's Crystalline Dystrophy - NEI/NIH (US)
    Cogan's Dystrophy (Map-Dot-Fingerprint Dystrophy) - StLukesEye.com
    Dystrophy, Map-Dot-Fingerprint [D Verdier] - eMedicine
    About Fuchs' Endothelial Dystrophy - Review of Optometry/Handbook
    A question & answer about Fuchs' Syndrome - The Eye Care Forum/MedHelp
    Genetic aspects of Corneal Dystrophy, Juvenile Epithelial, of Meesmann - OMIM (US)

    Corneal Edema   
    About Bullous Keratopathy - Merck
    Keratopathy, Pseudophakic Bullous [Aquavella and Singer] - eMedicine

    Keratitis   
    Herpes Simplex Keratitis - Rev of Optometry/Handbook
    On Fungal Keratitis [T Romero Rangel] and Recurrent Herpes Simplex Keratitis in Penetrating Keratoplasty [N Tesavibul, '97] - MEEI/Harvard
    Peripheral Ulcerative Keratitis - PUK [T Ekong] - MEEI/Harvard
    Keratitis: A Quick and Accurate Diagnosis [LJ Catania] - Rev of Optometry, Nov 2001
    Fortified Antibiotics Against Bacterial Keratitis? [Sowka and Kabat] - Review of Optometry 2007
    On Fusarium Keratitis and Contact Lenses - Promed, April 2006
    About Diffuse Lamellar Keratitis ( DLK, Sands of the Sahara ) and Lasik - USAEyes.org
    UV Keratitis, or Snowblindness [R Brozen] - e-Medicine

     Thygeson's Superficial Punctate Keratitis (not on MeSH)
      About Thygeson's Superficial Punctate Keratitis - Univ. of Iowa/OPHTH (US)
      Thygeson's Superficial Punctate Keratopathy - Review of Optometry

     Corneal Ulcer   
     Corneal Abrasion vs Corneal Ulcer [S Awwad] - Eyeweb.Org
     Mooren's Ulcer [QD Nguyen] - MEEI/Harvard (US)

    Peter's Anomaly (not on MeSH)
     Peter's Anomaly Support Group


    Keratoconus   
    Keratoconus - Indiana University (US), and an image - EyeMac
    About Keratoconus [R. Pineda] - Harvard Med School (US)
    About Corneal Topography [P Kollbaum] - School of Optometry, Indiana Univ. (US)
    Keratoconus: Etiology, Diagnosis and Management [Caroline et al.] - Pacific Univ./College of Optometry
    Keratoconus: Diagnosis, contact lens fitting and management [W Illahi] - Optometry Today, Aug 2006
    Keratoconus and Cornea Transplants [J Ackerman]
    US Nat'l Keratoconus Foundation
    UK Keratoconus Self Help and Support Group

    Trachoma   
   See another location


   Eye Abnormalities   
   About Orbital Reconstruction - Hellenic Craniofacial Center (GR)

    Aniridia   
    Brief note about Aniridia - Nobel Foundation (SE)
    About Aniridia [KJ Rosenthal]
    The Aniridia Network - (UK)
    About Gillespie syndrome - Socialstyrelsen (SE)
    About the WAGR Syndrome
    Anirida ; AN1 - OMIM

    Anophthalmos   
    The Micro and Anophthalmic Childrens Society - (UK)
    ICAN: Families with Anophthalmia Children
    Anophthalmia, Microphthalmia [T Bardakjian] - GeneReviews
    About Franchesca (anophthalmia)

    Coloboma   
    About Coloboma - RNIB (UK)
    (Iris) Coloboma, Cat's Eye - MedlinePlus/A.D.A.M.
    About Coloboma - Wikipedia
    Eyelid Coloboma [M Baskour] - eMedicine

    Microphthalmos   
    The Micro and Anophthalmic Childrens Society - (UK)
    Case presentation: Microphthalmos with Cyst [HK Cho] - J Korean Med Sci, Sep 1992


   Eye Diseases, Hereditary   

    Albinism   
   See another page

     Albinism, Ocular   
     About Ocular Albinism - NOAH, Philadelphia (US)
     Ocular Albinism
     Ocular Albinism [review course; JM Weber] - MarchOn Training Center, N.Y. (US)
     Albinism through the eyes of Bianca - the Knowlton family

     Albinism, Oculocutaneous   

      Hermanski-Pudlak Syndrome   
      About Hermansky-Pudlak Syndrome - NOAH, Philadelphia (US)
      Hermansky-Pudlak Syndrome [Izquierdo and Townsend] - eMedicine
      Hermansky-Pudlak Syndrome [summary; Krisp et al.] - Eur J Dermatol, 11/4, 2001
      The Hermansky-Pudlak Syndrome Network


    Aniridia   
   See another location

    Choroideremia   
    About Choroideremia - OMIM (US)
    The Chroroideremia Research Foundation, Inc.

   General Fibrosis Syndrome (not on MeSH)
    About Eye muscle anatomy - Engle laboratory
    General/Congenital Fibrosis [EC Engle] - EyePathologist
    Congenital Fibrosis of the Extraocular Muscles [Harley et al.], 1978 - via PubMedCentral

    Corneal Dystrophies, Hereditary   
   See another location

    Duane Retraction Syndrome   
    About Duane Syndrome [A Verma] - eMedicine
    Duane Syndrome - Children's Hospital Boston (US)
    Duane's Retraction Syndrome e-group - Yahoo

    Gyrate Atrophy   
    About Gyrate Atrophy - NCBI/NIH (US)
    Gyrate Atrophy - Univ of Pittsburgh/Pathol

    Optic Atrophies, Hereditary   
    About Optic Atrophy
    The Leber's Optic Neuropathy [J Leeder] - (UK)
    Genetic aspects of Leber's Hereditary Optic Neuropathy [D Berro]
    On Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy [Kerrison and Newman] - Clinical neuroscience 1997

     Wolfram Syndrome   
    See another page


    Retinitis Pigmentosa   
    Information about Retinitis Pigmentosa - Foundation Fighting Blindness (US)
    Retina International , including the Retina Int'l Newsletter
    About Retinitis Pigmentosa - The British Retinitis Pigmentosa Society
    About Retinitis Pigmentosa [de Beus and Small] - eMedicine
    Retinitis Pigmentosa - Wikipedia
    Retinitis Pigmentosa [RA Pagon] - GeneReviews
    Die Deutsche Retinitis Pigmentosa-Vereinigung - (DE)


   Eye Hemorrhage   
   Ocular Trauma Management for the Primary Care Provider , course material [JM Rappon] - Pacific Univ./Optometry
   About Preventing Eye Injuries - New England Eye Center (US), and Orbital Fractures [T Widell] - eMedicine
   Prevention and Treatment of Common Eye Injuries in Sports [Rodriguez et al.] - AAFP, Mar 2003
   About 38 year old man who was hit in the left eye with a pool cue [Lucarelli et al.] - DJO
   Ocular Trauma (pathol.) - Univ of Wisconsin (US)
   An overview of Eye Trauma - Univ of Illinois (US)
   Ophthalmic Care of the Combat Casualty , and about Ocular Injuries - Borden Institute (US)
   Injured Eye , a self-directed learning module - Canadian Opthalmological Society

    Hyphema   
    About hyphema - St Luke's Cataract and Laser Inst. (US)
    Hyphema [Sheppard and Williams] - eMedicine


   Eye Infections   
   About Eye Infections [L Skorin] - Optometry Today, Jun 2002 (UK)

    Corneal Ulcer   
   See another location

    Eye Infections, Bacterial   

     Conjunctivitis, Bacterial   

      Trachoma   
     See another location


     Hordeolum   
     About Hordeolum and Sty [M Bessette] and Chalazion [S Santen] - eMedicine
     Hordeolum and chalazion treatment: The full gamut [L Skorin] - Optometry Today, Jun 2002 (UK)

     Uveitis, Suppurative   

      Endophthalmitis   
      Endophthalmitis [Egan and Peters] - eMedicine
      A Case of Endophthalmitis - ACEP, Hawaii
      Endogenous Endophthalmitis [Romero et al.] - AAFP, Aug 1999
      About Endophthalmitis, fungal [L Wu] - eMedicine
      A study on Endophthalmitis and Cataract Surgery [Buzard and Liapis; abstract only] - J Cataract Refract Surg 2005/via PubMed


     Uveitis, Suppurative   

      Endophthalmitis   
     See another location


   Eye Neoplasms   
   Articles about Ocular Tumors - Cancer Control Jul/Aug 1998/, and on Orbital and Ocular Cancer - J of Moffitt Cancer Center, Sep/Oct 2004
   The Eye Cancer Network [P Finger] including a Tumor Image Gallery
   Center for Ocular Oncology - Washington Univ., St Louis (US)
   About Ocular Lymphoma [J Yang] - Ocular Immunology/Mass. Eye & Ear Infirmary (US)
   See also under Retinoblastoma [links] - KIB
   A Choroidal Melanoma tumor [image] - Ohio State Univ.
   About Choroidal Melanoma from the Collaborative Ocular Melanoma Study - Wilmer Eye Institute/JHU (US)
   Briefly about Melanoma of the Eye - Adam, via MedlinePlus, and an image (iris melanoma) - Eyetumor.com
   About Intraocular Melanoma - Cancer.gov
   Skin Tumors around the Eye - ASOPRS

     Retinoblastoma   
    See another page


   Eyelid Diseases   
   Eyelid Disorders: Diagnosis and Management [SR Carter] - Am Family Phys, Jun 1998
   Eye Plastics (oculoplastic surgery)
   About Blepharoplasty - questions & comments [M Bermant] - (US)

    Blepharitis   
    About various forms of Blepharitis - American Optometric Association
    Eyelid inflammation (Blepharitis) - eMedicineHealth
    Brief note about Phlyctenulosis - Perret Opticiens (CH)

    Blepharoptosis   
    Ptosis: Causes, Presentation, and Management [J Finsterer; abstract], 2003 - via SpringerLink
    Ptosis Classification and Eyelid Surgery for Ptosis - Qs & As [M Bermant] - (US)
    Ptosis surgery [SC Dresner]

    Blepharospasm   
    About Eyelid Spasms/Twitching - Kellogg Eye Center
    Blepharospasm Pages - BEBRF
    On Blepharospasm - Socialstyrelsen (SE)
    Blepharospasm and Botox - EyePlastics
    Blepharospasm, Benign Essential [SM Saulny] - eMedicine
    On the Side Effects of Botulinum Toxin Therapy - Smith Kettlewell Inst. (US)

   Distichiasis (not on MeSH)
    Distichiasis [S Rostami] - eMedicine

    Chalazion   
    About Styes and Chalazions [L. Bickford] - The EyeCare Connection (US)
    Chalazion, image - EyeMac
    About Meibomian cysts - IrishHealth, and a question about a meibomian cyst - netdoctor.co.uk

    Ectropion   
    About Ectropion: "Eyelid Turning Out" , and some more on Ectropion [M Bermant] - (US)

    Entropion   
    Entropion: "Eyelid Turning In" - ASOPRS
    Senile (Involutional) Entropion - Handbook Ocular Dis Management
    About Entropion Repair [SC Dersner]
    Trichiasis (Eyelash inversion) - [RW Pelton] - eMedicine

    Hordeolum   
   See another location


   Lacrimal Apparatus Diseases   
   An illustration of the lacrimal system - Lutheran Westland
   Congenital Lacrimal Obstruction - ASOPRS
   Tear Duct Surgery: Dacryocystorhinostomy [Korn and Kikkawa]
   About Dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) [SV Fernandes] - eMedicine
   About Surgery for Lacrimal Disorders - EyePlastics LLC

    Dry Eye Syndromes   
    Dry Eye Syndrome - StLukes Eye (US)
    Dry Eye Syndromes , and an image of the tear film layers - Schepens Eye Research Institute
    About Restasis - Aging Eye Times
    See also under Sjogren's Syndrome

     Sjogren's Syndrome   
    See another page


    Lacrimal Duct Obstruction   
    About Tear Duct Obstruction and Surgery - KidsHealth
    About Pediatric Balloon Dacryoplasty - LacriCATH/Quest Medical, Inc.
    About Watery Eyes - Royal Berkshire NHS Foundation /UK)
    Nasolacrimal Duct obstruction - AAPOS


   Lens Diseases   
   The histology and biology of the lens [MJ Stafford] - Optometry Today, Jan 2001 (UK)

    Aphakia   
    Brief Note about Aphakia
    On Aphakia [CN Chua]
    About Pediatric Aphakia - Univ of Iowa (US)

    Cataract   
    About Cataract [brochure for people at-risk] - National Eye Institute (US)
    About Cataracts - NEEC (US)
    About Pediatric Cataract - PGCFA (CA)
    About Cataract - YourSurgery
    Cataract Removal - YourSurgery
    What Can Go Wrong With Cataract Surgery? [Insinga and Quinn] - Review of Optometry/Study Center
    Cataract Surgery Complications [25 MB .pdf file] - (UK)
    Cataract Surgery in the Adult Eye - AAO, 2006 (US)
    Patient Questions and Answers about Cataract Surgery - StLukes Institute
    On Posterior Capsule Opacification - St Luke's Eye Institute
    Care of the Adult Patient with Cataract [Rouse et al., 1999] - AOA
    American Soc. of Cataract & Refractive Surgery and the


   Ocular Hypertension   

    Glaucoma   
    Facts about Glaucoma - NEI/NIH, and about Types of Glaucoma , from the Glaucoma Foundation - N.Y. (US)
    Glaucoma - Wikipedia
    Glaucoma Network - Glaucoma Assoc. of N Y (US)
    The Glaucoma Research Foundation including a What's New section - San Francisco (US)
    The Glaucoma Foundation - N.Y. (US)
    Illustration of Flow of Aqueous Humor , and How the Build Up of Aqueous Humor Can Damage the Optic Nerve - AHAF
    A Patient's Guide to Glaucoma [Kwon et al.] - via Medrounds
    What is Angle-Closure Glaucoma? - Wills Eye Hospital
    About Open Angle Glaucoma and Acute Narrow Angle Glaucoma - VisionRx
    Children's Glaucoma
    About Congenital Glaucoma - Canadian Ophthalmological Society
    Optometric Glaucoma Society
    A chat with Dr Rick Wilson on Normal-Tension Glaucoma and the Family Connection - Wills Glausoma
    About Tonometry - WebMD
    About Glaucoma Medications and their Side Effects - GANY (US)
    On Medical versus surgical interventions for open angle glaucoma - Cochrane Reviews, 2004
    About Pilocarpine - ADAM, via MedlinePlus


   Ocular Motility Disorders   
   American Orthoptic Journal - (US)
   The Engle Laboratory at Children's Hospital Boston (US)
   Clinical Examination of Ocular Motility - Richmond Eye Associates (US)
   Dancing Eyes and Other Maladies of the Nervous System [J Hsiao] - Yale Journal for Humanities in Medicine
   Opsoclonus in a young woman , video clip [TC Hain]
   See also under Paraneoplastic Syndromes, Nervous System [links]
   Brown Syndrome [K Wright] - e-Medicine

    Duane Retraction Syndrome   
   See another location

    Miller Fisher Syndrome   
   See another page

    Nystagmus, Pathologic   
    Understanding Nystagmus - Royal College of Ophthalmologists (UK)
    Understanding Nystagmus [RL Windsor]
    Nystagmus, Congenital/Infantile [Curtis and Wheeler] - eMedicine
    The American Nystagmus Network
    Common cases in Nystagmus [CN Chua] - (UK)
    Understanding Nystagmus - RNIB (UK)
    On Nystagmus subtypes etc. and Saccade Tests [TC Hain] - (US)
    About Alström's syndrome
    Alstrom Syndrome support group in the (UK)

    Oculomotor Nerve Diseases   
    The Oculomotor Nerve [image] - Gray's Anatomy 1918
    About Oculomotor/Third Nerve Palsy [J Goodwin] - eMedicine

     Adie Syndrome   
     About Holmes-Adie syndrome - NINDS/NIH
     Adie (Tonic) Pupil , not to be confused with Argyll-Robertson Pupil - MRCOphth


    Ophthalmoplegia   
    About Internuclear Ophthalmoplegia - Handbook of Ocular Disease Mgmt
    About Chronic Progressive Externav Ophthalmoplegia [Schmuckler and Hampton] - eMedicine
    Tolosa-Hunt Syndrome [Taylor and Mankowski] - eMedicine
    About Tolosa-Hunt Syndrome - iMigraine.net
    On some possible causes of Ophthalmoplegia - WrongDiagnosis

     Supranuclear Palsy, Progressive   
    See another page


    Ophthalmoplegia, Chronic Progressive External   

     Kearns-Sayer Syndrome   
     About Kearns-Sayre Syndrome - OMIM (US)
     Kearns-Sayre Syndrome "Plus": A Case Report [Foyaca-Sibat and Ibanez-Valde's] - Internet J of Neurology, 1/2


    Strabismus   
    American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus and some General info about adult Strabismus
    Adult Strabismus Surgery - AAO, 2007 (US)
    Strabismus , a self-directed learning module - Canadian Opthalmological Society
    On V-pattern Strabismus - eMedicine
    Botulinum Neurotoxins in the Management of Strabismus [AB Scott] - NTI

     Esotropia   
     About Accommodative Esotropia (eye turning inward) - PedsEye (US)

     Exotropia   
     About Exotropia (eye turning outward) - PedsEye (US)


   Optic Nerve Diseases   
   Optic Nerve Disorders - Merck Manual, Home Edition
   International Foundation for Optic Nerve Disease
   Differentiating sight threatening from non-sight threatening eye disease: the optic nerve and ophthalmoplegia [BChir and Hammond] - Optometry Today, Aug 2006
   Optic Nerve Head Drusen - Review of Optometry Online
   About Optic Nerve Hypoplasia (for parents) - FOCUS Families
   Optic Nerve Hypoplasia (DeMorsier's syndrome), Blindness, and Savant Syndrome - The Savant Academy

     Optic Atrophies, Hereditary   
    See another location

      Wolfram Syndrome   
     See another page


    Optic Neuritis   
    On Optic Neuritis and MS - Nat'l MS Society (US)
    About Optic Neuritis and Multiple Sclerosis - MayoClinic
    Optic Neuritis [C Swallow] - eMedicine
    Clinical Update on Optic Neuritis and Multiple Sclerosis [MA Murphy], Feb 2008
    A Review of Optic Neuritis [Graham and Rizzo] - DJO/Harvard 2002 (US)
    About Papillitis - SpEdEx

     Neuromyelitis Optica   
    See another page


    Optic Neuropathy, Ischemic   
    Ischemic Optic Neuropathy - IFOND
    About Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy - Univ of Iowa (US)
    On Surgery for nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy - Cochrane Review, 2003

    Papilledema   
    Optic Disc Edema & Papilledema - Review of Optometry Online
    About Papilledema [Gossman and Giovannini] - e-Medicine
    Papilledema, and increased intracranial pressure - Merck Manuals
    Synopsis of Papilledema examination - FP Notebook
    On Papilledema and Pseudo-Papilledema [WF Hoyt] - Univ of Utah


   Orbital Diseases   

    Exophthalmos   

     Graves Disease   
     See another page


    Orbital Cellulitis   
    On Orbital (and periorbital) Cellulitis - Children's Hospital Boston
    Orbital Cellulitis - Handbook of Ocular Disease Management
    About Preseptal and Orbital Cellulitis - Merck Manual


   Pupil Disorders   
   Common pupillary cases [CN Chua] - (UK)
   About Marcus Gunn Jaw-winking Syndrome [SM Blaydon] - eMedicine, and an animated illustration [CN Chua] - (UK)
   Marcus Gunn Syndrome - Engle Laboratory, Childrens Hospital
   About the Argyll Robertson pupil [Dente and Gurwood] - Optometry Today, 10/1999 (UK)
   Argyll Robertson Pupil synopsis - FPNoteBook
   About Leukocoria and Retinoblastoma - Bascom Palmer Eye Institute
   A case of Leukocoria - Indian Pediatrics
   Brief note about Leukocoria (white pupil) - ADAM/MedlinePlus

    Anisocoria   
    Anisocoria (Unequal pupils) [JD TRobe] - The Eyes Have It, Univ of Michigan (US)
    Anisocoria [ER Eggenberger] - eMedicine
    Angel’s Trumpet (Brugmansia Arborea) and Mydriasis in a Child - A case report [van der Donck et al.] - Bull. Soc. belge Ophtalmol, 2004

    Miosis   

     Horner Syndrome   
     About Horners Syndrome - DrugInfoNet
     Horner's Syndrome - Review of Optometry
     Horner's Syndrome [Bardorf et al.] - eMedicine
     Two Cases of Unilateral Ptosis with Headache (Horner Syndrome?) - Richmond Eye Associatese
     A 65-year-old male ... (Ptosis, Anisocoria, Horner's, Lung Tumor) [Gurwood et al.]
     About Raeder's Paratrigeminal Syndrome [SH Schechter] - eMedicine


    Tonic Pupil   

     Adie Syndrome   
    See another location


   Refractive Errors   
   About Accommodation - Wikipedia
   A Refracting Tutorial [T Zarwell] - MedRounds
   Some FAQs about Contact Lenses - Contact Lens Manufactures Assoc.
   About Contact Lenses - HON (CH), and some some FAQs - Contact Lens Council (US)
   Advantages and Disadvantages of Various Types of Contact Lenses - AOA (US)
   Soft Contact Lenses and Acanthamoeba Keratitis Infections - FDA, May 2007 (US)
   About LASIK and Refractive surgery - AllAboutVision (US)
   About Monovision - St Lukes Eye, and The Controversy over "Monovision" Lenses - Aviation Medicine, Jan 1998
   On Photorefractive (laser) surgery for the correction of refractive error , 2005-06 - NHS/NICE (UK)
   How LASIK Surgery works - Columbia Vision Correction
   About LASIK, PRK, LASEK, ... - Refractive Surgery
   The LASIK Institute , and LASIK fundamentals, and what can realistically be expected from having refractive surgery - ASCRS (US)
   About Diffuse Lamellar Keratitis ( DLK, Sands of the Sahara ) and Lasik - USAEyes.org
   Overview of Refractive Surgery [Scot Bower et al.] - AAFP, Oct 2001
   How Lasers Work - How Stuff Works

    Astigmatism   
    About Astigmatism - AOA (US)
    About Astigmatism - St Lukes Eye (US)
    Correct astigmatism with peripheral corneal relxing incisions after LASIK [M Lipner] - EyeWorld
    Nomogram for Limbal Relaxing Incisions with Cataract Surgery [JP Gill] - StLuke's Eye
    An Astigmatism Test - Perret Optic (CH)
    Correct astigmatism with peripheral corneal relxing incisions after LASIK [M Lipner] - EyeWorld
    Windows-based software for Astigmatism analysis (NA Alpins' method)

    Hyperopia   
    Hyperopia - Wikipedia, and briefly about treatment by LASIK - Schulze Eye & Surgery C.
    On Hypermetropia - Scottish Sensory Centre (UK)
    Care of the Patient with Hyperopia - AOA

    Myopia   
    About Myopia [L. Bickford] - The EyeCare Connection (US)
    Can We Conquer Myopia? [DO Mutti] - Review of Optometry/Study Center
    About High Degree Myopia (Pathological/Degenerative Myopia) - RNIB (UK)
    The Neural Basis of Myopia - On the Brain, 1995, Harvard Mahoney Inst.

    Presbyopia   
    About Accomendation and Presbyopia from AgingEye Times
    Eye changes with aging - AgingEye Times
    Aging Eye - (CA)
    Examining the elderly population - Strategies for the optometrist [L Weddell] - Optometry Today, Feb 2003 (UK)
    Refractive Error and Presbyopia - Refractive Surgery
    Presbyopia [J Rumsey] - Nova SE Univ., FL (US)
    Surgery for 'Short Arm Syndrome' [J Murphy] - Review of Optometry, Dec 2003


   Retinal Diseases   
   The Neural Organization of the Vertebrate Retina [Kolb et al.] - WebVision, Utah (US)
   Retina neurons map - (CA)
   Diseases of the Vitreous and Retina - Review of Optometry
   Peripheral Retina Lecture - Diagnostic Procedures [HD Riley] - Indiana School of Optometry
   Differentiating sight threatening from non-sight threatening eye disease: The retina and the vitreous [CJ Heatley] - Optometry Today, Jun 2006
   RetNet: Retinal Information Network including a current list of Genes Causing Retinal Diseases - TX (US)
   Retina International
   Retina Central (retina genetics) - Inst Human Genetics, Univ of Wuerzburg (DE)
   St Luke's Retina Center - (US)
   Retina France - (FR)
   About Retinal Diagnostic Testing/Eye Angiography - Vitreous-Retina-Macula Consultants, New York (US)
   News and Events from the Foundation Fighting Blindness - (US)
   About Optical Coherence Tomography - New England Eye Center (US)
   The Boston Retinal Implant Project - MIT (US)
   About Vitrectomy - StLukes Eye Surgery (US)
   About Macular Hole
   Macula Surgery - Alabama (US)
   Developments in retinal cell transplants [Sharma et al.] - Dig J Ophthalmol, 7(2), 2001
   A case of Coats' Disease - DJO, Harvard (US)
   On Coats' Disease , for parents
   Coats' Disease and Leber's Miliary Aneurysm - Handbook of Ocular Disease management
   RETINA (journal of Retinal & Vitreous diseases)

    Diabetic Retinopathy   
    Diabetic Retinopathy - NEI (US)
    Diabetic Retinopathy - Mayo Clinic
    About Diabetic Retinopathy - St. Luke's Cataract & Laser Institute
    About a CE lesson: Learn to Medically Manage Diabetes - Review of Optometry
    On Diabetic Retinopathy - via MedWeb (UK)

    Retinal Degeneration   

     Macular Degeneration   
     An overview of some Diseases of the Macula - (HK)
     Brief note about the Dry and Wet form of AMD - Wilmer Eye Inst/JHU
     First Gene Associated With Dry Macular Degeneration Found - ScienceDaily, Aug 2008
     Protect Your Sight [Folk and Wilkinson, 2006] - MedRounds
     The American Macular Degeneration Foundation
     Macular Degeneration: Examination and Diagnosis - VRM Consultants, N.Y. (US)
     Preferential Hyperacuity Perimetry (PHP) as an Adjunct Diagnostic Tool in AMD [MV Kalayoglu] - MedCompare, 2005
     About Age-related Macular Degeneration [brochure for people at-risk] - National Eye Institute (US)
     Age-related macular degeneration - An overview [Mathews, Mathews and Kelly] - Optometry Today, Feb 2003 (UK)
     Loss of Central Vision illustrated - Retina International
     Some Macular Degeneration related illustrations - AHAF
     Macular Degeneration Help Center - MD Partnership
     Macular Degeneration Network [PT Finger] - N.Y. (US)
     About Stargardt Disease , and the Stargardt Team - Macular Degeneration Support (US)
     Information about Age-Related Macular Degeneration , Stargardt Disease , and about Best Disease (Vitelliform Macular Dystrophy, type 2) - Foundation Fighting Blindness (US)
     About Best's Disease - RNIB (UK)
     About the Amsler Test - StLukesEye.com, and an Amsler Grid adjustable to screen resolution - Augen.de (DE)
     About the Foresee PHP test - Ophthalmology Management, Mar 2007
     What Is Fluorescein Angiography? - St Lukes Eye (US)
     About Angiography of the Retina - Ophthalmic Photographers' Society, Inc.
     On Macular Degeneration and Cataract Surgery [Armbrecht et al.] - J Br Ophthalmol, Dec 2000
     Is cataract surgery a risk factor for progression of MD? [Patel IJ; abstract only] - Curr Opin Ophthalmol, Feb 2007
     Management of Age-related Macular Degeneration , interim guidelines, Dec 2006, from the Royal Coll. of Ophthalmologists (US)
     About Lucentis (ranibizumab) for wet macular degeneration - AgingEye
     Recent PubMed citations related to therapeutic aspects of Macular Degeneration - NLM (US)
     Treatment with Lucentis - Genetech Inc.
     On Avastin (Bevacizumab) to treat Age-related (Wet-Type) Macular Degeneration - AAO news, Oct 2005
     More on Avastin (Bevacizumab) and ARMD - RCOPHTH, Feb 2009 (UK)
     Report from The Women's Antioxidant and Folic Acid Cardiovascular Study [Christen et al., abstract only] - Arch Intern Med, Feb 2009
     Antioxidant Vitamins and Zinc Reduce Risk of Vision Loss from Age-Related Macular Degeneration - NIH News, Oct 2001 (US)
     Brief review of a large study (2001) on Antioxidants and Macular Degeneration - Bandolier
     About a Clinical Trail comparing Lucentis and Avastin - NEI, May 2008
     About the Age-Related Eye Disease Study 2 - NEI Clinical Trial, Jan 2008 (US)

     Retinitis Pigmentosa   
    See another location

      Kearns-Sayer Syndrome   
     See another location


     Retinoschisis   
     About Retinoschisis - Wikipedia
     Retinoschisis - Kellogg Eye Center
     About Retinoschisis, Juvenile [M-K Song] and Retinoschisis, Senile [Philpotts and Gounder] - eMedicine
     The X-linked Retinoschisis sequence variation database [JT den Dunnen] - (NL)


    Retinal Detachment   
    About Retinal Detachment - NEI/NIH (US)
    About Detached Retina - Kellogg Eye Center
    What is Retinal Tear or Detachment? - St Lukes Eye
    Retinal Detachment [GL Larkin] - eMedicine
    Retinal Detachment - EyeSite (CA)
    About Vitrous and Retinal Detachment - New England Eye Center (US)

    Retinal Neoplasms   

     Retinoblastoma   
    See another page


    Retinal Vein Occlusion   
    Brief note about Retinal Vessel Occlusion - Adam, via MedlinePlus
    About Central Retinal Vein Occlusion [SS Hayreh] - U of Iowa/Ophth and Visual Sci
    Retinal Vein Occlusions - Handbook of Ocular Disease Management
    Retinal Vein Occlusion - Diagnosis and management [L Skorin Jr] - Optometry Today, Jan 2002 (UK)
    Retinal Vein Occlusion Guidelines - Royal College of Ophthalmologists, 2009 (UK)
    A 43 year old man with 3 days of blurry vision OS - DJO, Harvard (US)
    Retinal Vein Occlusions - GoodHope
    Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion [Wu and Mena] - eMedicine

    Retinitis   

     Chorioretinitis   
     About Chorioretinitis [QV Nguyen] - eMedicine
     Chorioretinitis in Congenital Toxoplasmosis [a few images included]
     Chorioretinitis Luetica (Syphilitic) [brief notes + images] - Atlas of Ophthalmology
     Cytomegalovirus infections in HIV patients - AIDS Knowledge Base

      Acute Zonal Occult Outer Retinopathy (not on MeSH)
       About Azoor - Moorfields Eye Hospital (UK)
       AZOOR and AIBSE in a 34 y.o. woman - EYErounds.org, Iowa (US)


    Retinopathy of Prematurity   
    ROPARD: The Association for Retinopathy of Prematurity - Michigan (US)
    Understanding Retinopathy of Prematurity [R and L Windsor] - Low Vision Gateway
    Retinopathy of Prematurity [K Moss] - TSBVI (US)
    Malina's story (ROP with complications) - via GrowingStrong

   White Dot Syndrome (not on MeSH)
    White Dot Syndromes [Tewari and Eliott] - eMedicine
    Multifocal Choroiditis and Panuveitis ( MCP ) [Pinar and Foster] - MEEI/Harvard (US)


   Scleral Diseases   

    Scleritis   
    On Scleritis - Merck Manual
    A 28-year-old woman .... - NetMedicine, and some brief info about Episcleritis - St Luke's Cataract & Laser Inst.
    About Episcleritis - Review of Optometry
    About Episcleritis [H Roy] - eMedicine
    About Scleritis - Review of Optometry, and an image (Scleritis) - via EyeMac


   Uveal Diseases   

    Choroid Diseases   

     Choroideremia   
    See another location

     Choroiditis   

      Chorioretinitis   
     See another location


     Gyrate Atrophy   
    See another location


    Iris Diseases   

     Aniridia   
    See another location

     Exfoliation Syndrome   
     Exfoliation syndrome: Clinical findings and Occurrence in .... [R Ritch]
     Krukenberg's Spindle and Pigment Dispersion Syndrome [T Armstrong] - (UK)
     Pseudoexfoliation Glaucoma [ME Pons] - eMedicine
     Pseudoexfoliation Syndrome and Pseudoexfoliative Glaucoma - Review of Optometry

     Iritis   
     Managing the Red Eye - Well Close Square Surgery (UK)
     The Iritis Organization - (US)
     About Iritis and Uveitis [K Gordon] - eMedicine (US)
     Vossius Ring [image] - Atlas of Ophthalmology
     See also under Ankylosing Spondylitis (Bechterew Disease) [links]


    Uveitis   
    Uveitis - Merck Manual
    Uveitis factsheet from RNIB (UK)
    The American Uveitis Society - (US)
    Differential diagnosis and management of uveitis [Kok and Lightman] - Optometry Today, Nov 2002 (UK)
    Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis associated Uveitis [M Samson] - MEEI/Harvard (US)
    Pediatric Uveitis [S Foster] - MEEI/Harvard (US)
    HLA-B27 Associated Uveitis [NK Waheed] - MEEI/Harvard (US)
    Intermediate Uveitis [V Pinar] - MEEI/Harvard (US)
    Syphilitic Uveitis [M Samson] - MEEI/Harvard (US)
    Some Uveitis related articles - Prevent Blindness America
    A list of Causes of Posterior Uveitis - Prevent Blindness America
    New Treatment May Improve Patient's Quality Of Life (Uveitis) - NIH Jun 1999
    Masquerade Syndromes [QD Nguyen] - MEEI/Harvard (US)
    Course notes on Posterior Uveitis [J Sowka]

       Behcet Syndrome   
      See another page

       Iritis   
      See another location


      Uveitis, Posterior   

       Choroiditis   

        Chorioretinitis   
       See another location


     Uveitis, Suppurative   

      Endophthalmitis   
     See another location


     Uveomeningoencephalitic Syndrome   
    See another page


   Vision Disorders   
   On evaluating Loss of Vision [Pathai and McNaught] - StudentBMJ, Nov 2002
   On Sudden Painless Loss of Vision - Canadian Ophthalmological Society

    Amblyopia   
    Care of the Patient with Amblyopia [Rouse et al.] - AOA, 1998
    About Amblyopia / Lazy Eye - Optometrists Network
    Atropine Ophthalmic Information - MedlinePlus/ADAM (US)
    On Amblyopia treatment of older children - NEI/NIH, Apr 2005
    The Early Adaptive Syndrome [Apell and Streff; Jan 1963]

    Blindness   
    On Blindness - Wikipedia
    About Deafblindness - sense (UK)
    Leber's Congenital Amaurosis [I Russel-Eggitt] - (UK)
    Leber's Congenital Amaurosis - Texas School for the Blind (US)
    On Leber's Congenital Amaurosis [E Stone] - Iowa City (US)
    Listen to Leber Congenital Amaurosis: The Role of Genetic Testing in the Pursuit of a Cure [EM Stone] - AAO, 2007
    Gene therapy cures congenital form of blindness (Leber Congenital Amaurosis) - news Oct 2009, Children's Hosp of Philadelphia
    Leber's Congenital Amaurosis - Foundation Fighting Blindness (UK)

     Amaurosis Fugax   
     About Amaurosis Fugax - APMA
     Amaurosis Fugax and Transient Ischemic Attack - Handbook of Ocular Disease Management

     Deaf-Blind Disorders   

      Wolfram Syndrome   
     See another page


     Hemianopsia   
     About Hemianopsia
     Brief Note about Homonymous Hemianopsia - Royal Soc for the Blind (AU)
     Brief facts about Stroke-Related Sight Loss -- Hemianopsia - RNIB (UK)


    Color Vision Defects   
    How do we see colors? - HHMI (US)
    Color Vision Deficiency - AOA (US)
    Color Vision Problems - HON (CH)
    About Color Vision
    An online Ishihara Test for Color Blindness
    On the Evolution of Color Vision [M. Rowe] - via Talk.Origins Archive, and Ecological importance of trichromatic vision to primates [Dominy and Lucas] - letter to Nature, 2001
    Color & Vision Database - San Diego (US)
    The Achromatopsia Network - Berkeley, CA (US)
    About Rainbows [BT Lynds]

    Diplopia   
    Diplopia - LowVision.org
    About Double Vision - Strabismus.org
    The Differential Diagnosis of Diplopia [A Finlay]

    Photophobia   
    About Photophobia - Wrong Diagnosis
    About Erythropoietic protoporphyria - Wikipedia

    Scotoma   
    About Scotoma, and Blind spot (vision) - Wikipedia
    Some brief notes about Scotoma - SpEdEx
    A case of Absolute Scotoma [CH Gonzalez] - UMDNJ
    Scintillating Scotoma - Wikipedia, and a short animated depiction/video clip, via YouTube
    See also under Migraine Disorders [links]

copyright Tor Ahlenius
  Start Page
picture of students